Hepatitis is a condition that causes inflammation of the liver, and when it occurs during pregnancy, it can pose significant risks to both the mother and the baby. Here are some frequently asked questions about hepatitis in pregnancy, along with detailed answers to help you understand the condition better.

What is hepatitis, and what causes it?

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can be caused by various factors, including viruses (such as hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E), alcohol use, toxins, and certain medications. The most common types during pregnancy are hepatitis B and C, which are viral infections.

How is hepatitis transmitted?

Hepatitis B and C are primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood or body fluids. This can occur through:

• Sharing needles or syringes
• Unprotected sexual contact
• From an infected mother to her baby during childbirth
• Blood transfusions or organ transplants (rare in countries with strict screening protocols)

What are the symptoms of hepatitis in pregnancy?

Many people with hepatitis may not exhibit symptoms, especially in the early stages. When symptoms do occur, they can include:

• Fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain, especially in the upper right quadrant
• Loss of appetite
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
• Dark urine
• Pale stools

How is hepatitis diagnosed in pregnancy?

Hepatitis is diagnosed through blood tests that detect the presence of the virus, antibodies, or liver enzymes indicating liver damage. Pregnant women are often screened for hepatitis B as part of routine prenatal care.

What are the risks of hepatitis during pregnancy?

Hepatitis during pregnancy can increase the risk of:

• Preterm labor
• Low birth weight
• Transmission of the virus to the baby
• Liver damage or liver failure in the mother
• Complications such as gestational diabetes or preeclampsia

How is hepatitis treated during pregnancy?

The treatment for hepatitis in pregnancy depends on the type of hepatitis and its severity. For hepatitis B, antiviral medications may be prescribed to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby. For hepatitis C, treatment is generally deferred until after pregnancy, as the current antiviral therapies are not recommended during pregnancy.

Can hepatitis be prevented during pregnancy?

Yes, there are measures to prevent hepatitis:

• Vaccination: Hepatitis B vaccine is safe during pregnancy and can prevent infection.
• Safe practices: Avoid sharing needles, practice safe sex, and ensure blood products are screened.
• Prenatal screening: Routine hepatitis screening during prenatal visits helps in early detection and management.

What should I do if I test positive for hepatitis during pregnancy?

If you test positive for hepatitis, it is essential to:

• Follow your doctor's advice and treatment plan
• Attend all prenatal appointments for monitoring
• Take antiviral medications if prescribed
• Ensure your baby receives hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth if you have hepatitis B

Call to Action

If you have any concerns or questions about hepatitis in pregnancy, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional who specializes in this area Dr. Parul Sharma, a renowned Obstetrician & Gynecologist in Delhi, can provide expert advice and comprehensive care for managing hepatitis during pregnancy. Schedule an appointment with Dr. Sharma to ensure the best possible outcomes for you and your baby.